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The limited data from animal and human studies do not allow the derivation of a chronic health‐based guidance value ( HBGV) for cyanide, and thus, chronic risks could not be assessed.įollowing a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) evaluated the risks to human health related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) in foods other than raw apricot kernels. Taking into account the conservatism in the exposure assessment and in derivation of the ARfD, it is unlikely that this estimated exceedance would result in adverse effects. The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNGs. At the 95th percentile, the ARfD was exceeded up to about 2.5‐fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups. Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNGs did not exceed the ARfD in any age group.

To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this ARfD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ( CONTAM) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides ( CNGs) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose ( ARfD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide ( CN).

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